Graph API | Alex Ø. T. Hansen

Alex Ø. T. Hansen

12/12/2018

Exam AZ-102: Microsoft Azure Administrator Certification Transition

Recently passed the 70-533 exam and earned a MCSE. Now I’m studying for the transition exam AZ-102 (expiring March 31, 2019), which would give me the Azure Administrator Associate badge. In this post I will give a short description on which methods I used to pass AZ-102.

The resources I used were:

Sharon Bennett’s LinkedIn course (30 days free trial)
Saw the videos on the Microsoft Learn portal
Tested my self through the official practice tests on mindhub
Used the official Azure documentation.
Hands-on labs in a Azure subscription (30 days free trial).

The exam is broken into 8 sections:

1. Manage Azure Subscriptions and Resources (5-10%)
  - May include but not limited to: Configure diagnostic settings on resources; create baseline for resources; create and rest alerts; analyze alerts across subscription; analyze metrics across subscription; create action groups; monitor for unused resources; monitor spend; report on spend; utilize Log Search query functions; view alerts in Log Analytics
2. Implement and Manage Storage (5-10%)
  - May include but not limited to: Create Azure file share; create Azure File Sync service; create Azure sync group; troubleshoot Azure File Sync
3. Configure and manage virtual networks (15-20%)
  - May include but not limited to: Create and configure VNET peering; create and configure VNET to VNET; verify virtual network connectivity; create virtual network gateway
  - May include but not limited to: Configure Azure DNS; configure custom DNS settings; configure DNS zones
4. Manage identities (15-20%)
  - May include but not limited to: Add custom domains; configure Azure AD Identity Protection, Azure AD Join, and Enterprise State Roaming; configure self-service password reset; implement conditional access policies; manage multiple directories; perform an access review
  - May include but not limited to: Install and configure Azure AD Connect; configure federation and single sign-on; manage Azure AD Connect; manage password sync and writeback
5. Evaluate and perform server migration to Azure (15-20%)
  - May include but not limited to: Discover and assess environment; identify workloads that can and cannot be deployed; identify ports to open; identify changes to network; identify if target environment is supported; setup domain accounts and credentials
  - May include but not limited to: Migrate by using Azure Site Recovery (ASR); migrate using P2V; configure storage; create a backup vault; prepare source and target environments; backup and restore data; deploy Azure Site Recovery (ASR) agent; prepare virtual network
6. Implement and manage application services (5-10%)
  - May include but not limited to: Create and manage objects; manage a Logic App resource; manage Azure Function app settings; manage Event Grid; manage Service Bus
7. Implement advanced virtual networking (5-10%)
  - May include but not limited to: Monitor on-premises connectivity; use network resource monitoring and Network Watcher; manage external networking and virtual network connectivity
8. Secure identities (5-10%)
  - May include but not limited to: Enable MFA for an Azure tenant; configure user accounts for MFA; configure fraud alerts; configure bypass options; configure trusted IPs; configure verification methods; manage role-based access control (RBAC); implement RBAC policies; assign RBAC Roles; create a custom role; configure access to Azure resources by assigning roles; configure management access to Azure

If you can answer (and know the reason behind the answer) the following questions regarding Azure, you should be ready to take the AZ-102 exam. For each question I will provide a link to the answer. There might be more than one correct answer to a question, but the questions link points to which tool or technology you should know about in order to pass.

Alex Ø. T. Hansen

01/12/2018

PowerShell – Set the account profile picture from Azure AD

If you ever need to set the local Windows user account profile pictures from Azure AD, you can use the following script.

The script leverages the Graph API through a service principal (app) in Azure AD. There is some requirements before running the script:

An Azure AD App with “read all users’ full profiles” Graph API permission. More information, see https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/howto-create-service-principal-portal
You must be able to get the object id (client id), key (client secret) and token endpoint (OAuth 2.0 Token Endpoint) from the Azure AD app.
The OS must be Windows 10.
The client must be able to contact the Azure AD.

You can run the script “manually” or deploy it with Azure Intune. You can run the script under your own or with the “nt authority\system” account. Just be sure that the account have access to write to the following registry path “HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\AccountPicture\Users” and it child objects.

The only thing you need to change in the script is three variables (line 43, 44 and 45) for the Azure AD app information.

Here is a basic walk through of what the script actually does:

Create folder structure in “C:\Scripts\ProfilePicture” to store pictures, script and logs. The folder path can be changed to your liking on line 33, 34 and 39.
Start transcript logs to “C:\Scripts\ProfilePicture\Logs\”.
Get the access token for Graph API.
Get user information (UPN, Username and SID) that have already logged in to the local device.
Download user profile photo for each user in “C:\Scripts\ProfilePicture\Data\”.
Sets registry keys to use the downloaded photo for each user.
Create a task schedule (if it doesn’t exist) so it updates any picture change in Azure AD.
Copy the script to location “C:\Scripts\ProfilePicture”.

You may need to compile the code into an executable, this will disguise the client secret used to retrieve the profile pictures. One way of turning a PowerShell script into an executable is to use this script, but remember to change the schedule task in the code to point to the .exe file instead of the .ps1 before compiling.

#requires -version 3
<#
.SYNOPSIS
  .

.DESCRIPTION
  .

.NOTES
  Version:        1.0
  Author:         Alex Ø. T. Hansen (ath@tofte-it.dk)
  Creation Date:  01-12-2018
  Purpose/Change: Initial script development
#>

#region begin boostrap
############### Bootstrap - Start ###############

#Clear the screen.
Clear-Host;

#Assemblies.
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Web;

############### Bootstrap - End ###############
#endregion

#region begin input
############### Input - Start ###############

#Folders:
$Folders = @{
    Logs = ("C:\Scripts\ProfilePicture\Logs\");
    Data = ("C:\Scripts\ProfilePicture\Data\");
};

#Files:
$Files = @{
    Script = ("C:\Scripts\ProfilePicture\Set-AzureADProfilePicture.ps1");
};

#Azure AD Application.
$OauthTokenEndpoint = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/<GUID>/oauth2/token";
$ClientID = "<Client ID>";
$ClientSecret = "<Client Secret>";

############### Input - End ###############
#endregion

#region begin functions
############### Functions - Start ###############

#Write to the console.
Function Write-Console
{
    [cmdletbinding()]	
		
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)][string]$Category,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)][string]$Text
    )

    #If the input is empty.
    If([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Text))
    {
        $Text = " ";
    }

    #If category is not present.
    If([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Category))
    {
        #Write to the console.
        Write-Output("[" + (Get-Date).ToString("dd/MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss") + "]: " + $Text + ".");
    }
    Else
    {
        #Write to the console.
        Write-Output("[" + (Get-Date).ToString("dd/MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss") + "][" + $Category + "]: " + $Text + ".");
    }
}

#Sets a user profile picture.
Function Set-UserProfilePicture
{
    [cmdletbinding()]	
		
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]$SID,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]$FilePath
    )

    #Check if the profile picture exist.
    If(Test-Path -Path $FilePath)
    {
        #Create new image folder.
        $ImageBase = ($env:public + "\AccountPictures\" + $SID);
        $ImageBaseFolder = (New-Item -Path $ImageBase -ItemType Directory -Force) | Out-Null;

        #Create registry path.
        $RegistryPath = ("HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\AccountPicture\Users\" + $SID);
        New-Item -Path $RegistryPath -Force | Out-Null;

        #Array of image sizes.
        $ImageSizes = @(32, 40, 48, 96, 192, 200, 240, 448);

        #Foreach image size.
        Foreach($ImageSize in $ImageSizes)
        {
            #Set photo filename.
            $PhotoFileName = ("Image" + $ImageSize + ".jpg");

            #Save the photo.
            Copy-Item -Path $FilePath -Destination ($ImageBase + "\" + $PhotoFileName) -Force;

            #Create new registry key.
            New-ItemProperty -Path $RegistryPath -Name ("Image" + $ImageSize) -Value ($ImageBase + "\" + $PhotoFileName) -Force | Out-Null;
        }
    }
}

#Get cache user information from the registry.
Function Get-CacheUserInformation
{
    #Array to store user information.
    $Users = @();

    #Get all identities except system users.
    $Identities = Get-ChildItem -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\IdentityStore\Cache" | Where-Object {$_.Name -notlike "*S-1-5*"};

    #Foreach identity found.
    Foreach($Identity in $Identities)
    {
        #Clear variables.
        $UPN = $null;
        $SID = $null;
        $SamAccountName = $null;
        $Domain = $null;

        #Set SID.
        $SID = $Identity.PSChildName;

        #Get key values.
        $KeyValues = Get-ItemProperty -Path ("HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\IdentityStore\Cache\" + $SID + "\IdentityCache\" + $SID);

        #Set variables.
        $UPN = $KeyValues.UserName;
        $SamAccountName = $KeyValues.SAMName;
        $Domain = $KeyValues.ProviderName;

        #Create a new object.
        $User = New-Object -TypeName psobject;
    
        #Add data to the object.
        Add-Member -InputObject $User -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "UPN" -Value $UPN;
        Add-Member -InputObject $User -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "SID" -Value $SID;
        Add-Member -InputObject $User -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "SamAccountName" -Value $SamAccountName;
        Add-Member -InputObject $User -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Domain" -Value $Domain;

        #Add object to array.
        $Users += $User;
    }

    #Return object array.
    Return $Users;
}

#Get access token from Graph API.
Function Get-GraphAccessToken
{
    [cmdletbinding()]	
		
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$TokenEndpoint,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$ClientID,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$ClientSecret
    )

    #Encode the client secret so it removes any special characters.
    $ClientSecretEncoded = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode($ClientSecret);

    #Construct request body to Graph API.
    $AuthBody = ("grant_type=client_credentials" + "&client_id=$ClientID" + "&client_secret=$ClientSecretEncoded" + "&resource=https://graph.microsoft.com/");

    #Call the Graph API to get bearer token.
    $AuthReponse = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Post -Uri $OauthTokenEndpoint -body $AuthBody -ContentType "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";

    #Return access token.
    Return ($AuthReponse.access_token);
}

#Get the user profile picture from Azure AD.
Function Get-UserProfilePicture
{
    [cmdletbinding()]	
		
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$AccessToken,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$UPN,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$Destination
    )

    #Invoke rest method to Graph API with access token.
    Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri ("https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users/" + $UPN + '/photo/$value') -Headers @{"Authorization"="Bearer $($AccessToken)"} -OutFile $Destination;
}

#Create a schedule task.
Function New-ProfilePictureScheduleTask
{
    [cmdletbinding()]	
		
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$Script
    )

    #Template to create the schedule task.
    $XML = @"
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-16"?>
<Task version="1.2" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/windows/2004/02/mit/task">
  <RegistrationInfo>
    <Date>2018-12-01T00:00:00.0000000</Date>
    <Author>blog.tofte-it.dk</Author>
    <URI>\Set Profile Account Pictures</URI>
  </RegistrationInfo>
  <Triggers>
    <CalendarTrigger>
      <StartBoundary>2018-12-01T10:00:00+01:00</StartBoundary>
      <ExecutionTimeLimit>P1D</ExecutionTimeLimit>
      <Enabled>true</Enabled>
      <ScheduleByDay>
        <DaysInterval>1</DaysInterval>
      </ScheduleByDay>
    </CalendarTrigger>
  </Triggers>
  <Principals>
    <Principal id="Author">
      <UserId>S-1-5-18</UserId>
      <RunLevel>HighestAvailable</RunLevel>
    </Principal>
  </Principals>
  <Settings>
    <MultipleInstancesPolicy>IgnoreNew</MultipleInstancesPolicy>
    <DisallowStartIfOnBatteries>false</DisallowStartIfOnBatteries>
    <StopIfGoingOnBatteries>false</StopIfGoingOnBatteries>
    <AllowHardTerminate>true</AllowHardTerminate>
    <StartWhenAvailable>true</StartWhenAvailable>
    <RunOnlyIfNetworkAvailable>true</RunOnlyIfNetworkAvailable>
    <IdleSettings>
      <StopOnIdleEnd>true</StopOnIdleEnd>
      <RestartOnIdle>false</RestartOnIdle>
    </IdleSettings>
    <AllowStartOnDemand>true</AllowStartOnDemand>
    <Enabled>true</Enabled>
    <Hidden>false</Hidden>
    <RunOnlyIfIdle>false</RunOnlyIfIdle>
    <WakeToRun>false</WakeToRun>
    <ExecutionTimeLimit>P1D</ExecutionTimeLimit>
    <Priority>7</Priority>
    <RestartOnFailure>
      <Interval>PT15M</Interval>
      <Count>3</Count>
    </RestartOnFailure>
  </Settings>
  <Actions Context="Author">
    <Exec>
      <Command>C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe</Command>
      <Arguments>-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File "$($Script)"</Arguments>
    </Exec>
  </Actions>
</Task>
"@;

    #Add schedule task.
    Register-ScheduledTask -Xml $XML -TaskName "Set Profile Account Pictures" | Out-Null;
}

#Check if the schedule task already exist.
Function Test-ScheduleTask
{
    [CmdletBinding()]
    
    Param
    (
        [parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$Name
    )
 
    #Create a new schedule object.
    $Schedule = New-Object -com Schedule.Service;
    
    #Connect to the store.
    $Schedule.Connect();
 
    #Get schedule tak folders.
    $Task = $Schedule.GetFolder("\").GetTasks(0) | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq $Name -and $_.Enabled -eq $true};
 
    #If the task exists and is enabled.
    If($Task)
    {
        #Return true.
        Return $true;
    }
    #If the task doesn't exist.
    Else
    {
        #Return false.
        Return $false;
    }
}

############### Functions - End ###############
#endregion

#region begin main
############### Main - Start ###############

#Create folders.
New-Item -Path $Folders.Logs -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null;
New-Item -Path $Folders.Data -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null;

#Start transcript.
Start-Transcript -Path ($Folders.Logs + "\" + (Get-Date).ToString("ddMMyyyy") + ".log") -Append -Force;

#Get access token to access Graph API.
Write-Console -Category "Access Token" -Text "Getting Graph API access token";
$AccessToken = Get-GraphAccessToken -TokenEndpoint $OauthTokenEndpoint -ClientID $ClientID -ClientSecret $ClientSecret;

#Get all cached users.
Write-Console -Category "Registry" -Text "Getting cached users from registry";
$Users = Get-CacheUserInformation;

#Foreach user cached.
Write-Console -Category "Users" -Text "Enumerating cached users";
Foreach($User in $Users)
{
    #Write to log.
    Write-Output "";
    Write-Console -Category $User.UPN -Text $User.UPN;
    Write-Console -Category $User.UPN -Text $User.SID;
    Write-Console -Category $User.UPN -Text $User.SamAccountName;
    Write-Console -Category $User.UPN -Text $User.Domain;

    #Download the profile picture.
    Write-Console -Category $User.UPN -Text ("Downloading profile picture to '" + ($Folders.Data + $User.UPN + ".jpeg") + "'");
    Get-UserProfilePicture -AccessToken $AccessToken -UPN $User.UPN -Destination ($Folders.Data + $User.UPN + ".jpeg");

    #Set the user profile picture.
    Write-Console -Category $User.UPN -Text ("Setting registry keys");
    Set-UserProfilePicture -SID $User.SID -FilePath ($Folders.Data + $User.UPN + ".jpeg");
}

#Output empty line.
Write-Output "";

#Check if the schedule task doesn't exist.
If(!(Test-ScheduleTask -Name "Set Profile Account Pictures"))
{
    #Create the schedule task.
    Write-Console -Category "Schedule Task" -Text ("Creating schedule task");
    New-ProfilePictureScheduleTask -Script $Files.Script;

    #Copy running script.
    Write-Console -Category "Schedule Task" -Text ("Copying running script to '" + $Files.Script + "'");
    Copy-Item -Path $PSCommandPath -Destination $Files.Script;
}

############### Main - End ###############
#endregion

#region begin finalize
############### Finalize - Start ###############

#Stop transcript.
Stop-Transcript;

############### Finalize - End ###############
#endregion

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#requires -version 3

.SYNOPSIS

.DESCRIPTION

.NOTES

Version: 1.0

Author: Alex Ø. T. Hansen (ath@tofte-it.dk)

Creation Date: 01-12-2018

Purpose/Change: Initial script development

#region begin boostrap

############### Bootstrap - Start ###############

#Clear the screen.

Clear-Host;

#Assemblies.

Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Web;

############### Bootstrap - End ###############

#endregion

#region begin input

############### Input - Start ###############

#Folders:

$Folders = @{

Logs = ("C:\Scripts\ProfilePicture\Logs\");

Data = ("C:\Scripts\ProfilePicture\Data\");

};

#Files:

$Files = @{

Script = ("C:\Scripts\ProfilePicture\Set-AzureADProfilePicture.ps1");

};

#Azure AD Application.

$OauthTokenEndpoint = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/<GUID>/oauth2/token";

$ClientID = "<Client ID>";

$ClientSecret = "<Client Secret>";

############### Input - End ###############

#endregion

#region begin functions

############### Functions - Start ###############

#Write to the console.

Function Write-Console

{

[cmdletbinding()]

Param

(

[Parameter(Mandatory=$false)][string]$Category,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$false)][string]$Text

)

#If the input is empty.

If([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Text))

{

$Text = " ";

}

#If category is not present.

If([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Category))

{

#Write to the console.

Write-Output("[" + (Get-Date).ToString("dd/MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss") + "]: " + $Text + ".");

}

Else

{

#Write to the console.

Write-Output("[" + (Get-Date).ToString("dd/MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss") + "][" + $Category + "]: " + $Text + ".");

}

#Sets a user profile picture.

Function Set-UserProfilePicture

{

[cmdletbinding()]

Param

(

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]$SID,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]$FilePath

)

#Check if the profile picture exist.

If(Test-Path -Path $FilePath)

{

#Create new image folder.

$ImageBase = ($env:public + "\AccountPictures\" + $SID);

$ImageBaseFolder = (New-Item -Path $ImageBase -ItemType Directory -Force) | Out-Null;

#Create registry path.

$RegistryPath = ("HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\AccountPicture\Users\" + $SID);

New-Item -Path $RegistryPath -Force | Out-Null;

#Array of image sizes.

$ImageSizes = @(32, 40, 48, 96, 192, 200, 240, 448);

#Foreach image size.

Foreach($ImageSize in $ImageSizes)

{

#Set photo filename.

$PhotoFileName = ("Image" + $ImageSize + ".jpg");

#Save the photo.

Copy-Item -Path $FilePath -Destination ($ImageBase + "\" + $PhotoFileName) -Force;

#Create new registry key.

New-ItemProperty -Path $RegistryPath -Name ("Image" + $ImageSize) -Value ($ImageBase + "\" + $PhotoFileName) -Force | Out-Null;

}

#Get cache user information from the registry.

Function Get-CacheUserInformation

{

#Array to store user information.

$Users = @();

#Get all identities except system users.

$Identities = Get-ChildItem -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\IdentityStore\Cache" | Where-Object {$_.Name -notlike "*S-1-5*"};

#Foreach identity found.

Foreach($Identity in $Identities)

{

#Clear variables.

$UPN = $null;

$SID = $null;

$SamAccountName = $null;

$Domain = $null;

#Set SID.

$SID = $Identity.PSChildName;

#Get key values.

$KeyValues = Get-ItemProperty -Path ("HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\IdentityStore\Cache\" + $SID + "\IdentityCache\" + $SID);

#Set variables.

$UPN = $KeyValues.UserName;

$SamAccountName = $KeyValues.SAMName;

$Domain = $KeyValues.ProviderName;

#Create a new object.

$User = New-Object -TypeName psobject;

#Add data to the object.

Add-Member -InputObject $User -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "UPN" -Value $UPN;

Add-Member -InputObject $User -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "SID" -Value $SID;

Add-Member -InputObject $User -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "SamAccountName" -Value $SamAccountName;

Add-Member -InputObject $User -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Domain" -Value $Domain;

#Add object to array.

$Users += $User;

}

#Return object array.

Return $Users;

}

#Get access token from Graph API.

Function Get-GraphAccessToken

{

[cmdletbinding()]

Param

(

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$TokenEndpoint,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$ClientID,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$ClientSecret

)

#Encode the client secret so it removes any special characters.

$ClientSecretEncoded = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode($ClientSecret);

#Construct request body to Graph API.

$AuthBody = ("grant_type=client_credentials" + "&client_id=$ClientID" + "&client_secret=$ClientSecretEncoded" + "&resource=https://graph.microsoft.com/");

#Call the Graph API to get bearer token.

$AuthReponse = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Post -Uri $OauthTokenEndpoint -body $AuthBody -ContentType "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";

#Return access token.

Return ($AuthReponse.access_token);

}

#Get the user profile picture from Azure AD.

Function Get-UserProfilePicture

{

[cmdletbinding()]

Param

(

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$AccessToken,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$UPN,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$Destination

)

#Invoke rest method to Graph API with access token.

Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri ("https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users/" + $UPN + '/photo/$value') -Headers @{"Authorization"="Bearer $($AccessToken)"} -OutFile $Destination;

}

#Create a schedule task.

Function New-ProfilePictureScheduleTask

{

[cmdletbinding()]

Param

(

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$Script

)

#Template to create the schedule task.

$XML = @"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-16"?>

<Author>blog.tofte-it.dk</Author>

<URI>\Set Profile Account Pictures</URI>

</RegistrationInfo>

</ScheduleByDay>

</CalendarTrigger>

</Triggers>

<RunLevel>HighestAvailable</RunLevel>

</Principal>

</Principals>

<MultipleInstancesPolicy>IgnoreNew</MultipleInstancesPolicy>

<DisallowStartIfOnBatteries>false</DisallowStartIfOnBatteries>

<StopIfGoingOnBatteries>false</StopIfGoingOnBatteries>

<RestartOnIdle>false</RestartOnIdle>

</IdleSettings>

<Hidden>false</Hidden>

<RunOnlyIfIdle>false</RunOnlyIfIdle>

<WakeToRun>false</WakeToRun>

</RestartOnFailure>

</Settings>

<Exec>

<Command>C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe</Command>

<Arguments>-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File "$($Script)"</Arguments>

</Exec>

</Actions>

</Task>

"@;

#Add schedule task.

}

#Check if the schedule task already exist.

Function Test-ScheduleTask

{

[CmdletBinding()]

Param

(

[parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$Name

)

#Create a new schedule object.

$Schedule = New-Object -com Schedule.Service;

#Connect to the store.

$Schedule.Connect();

#Get schedule tak folders.

$Task = $Schedule.GetFolder("\").GetTasks(0) | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq $Name -and $_.Enabled -eq $true};

#If the task exists and is enabled.

If($Task)

{

#Return true.

Return $true;

}

#If the task doesn't exist.

Else

{

#Return false.

Return $false;

}

############### Functions - End ###############

#endregion

#region begin main

############### Main - Start ###############

#Create folders.

New-Item -Path $Folders.Logs -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null;

New-Item -Path $Folders.Data -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null;

#Start transcript.

Start-Transcript -Path ($Folders.Logs + "\" + (Get-Date).ToString("ddMMyyyy") + ".log") -Append -Force;

#Get access token to access Graph API.

Write-Console -Category "Access Token" -Text "Getting Graph API access token";

$AccessToken = Get-GraphAccessToken -TokenEndpoint $OauthTokenEndpoint -ClientID $ClientID -ClientSecret $ClientSecret;

#Get all cached users.

Write-Console -Category "Registry" -Text "Getting cached users from registry";

$Users = Get-CacheUserInformation;

#Foreach user cached.

Write-Console -Category "Users" -Text "Enumerating cached users";

Foreach($User in $Users)

{

#Write to log.

Write-Output "";

Write-Console -Category $User.UPN -Text $User.UPN;

Write-Console -Category $User.UPN -Text $User.SID;

Write-Console -Category $User.UPN -Text $User.SamAccountName;

Write-Console -Category $User.UPN -Text $User.Domain;

#Download the profile picture.

Write-Console -Category $User.UPN -Text ("Downloading profile picture to '" + ($Folders.Data + $User.UPN + ".jpeg") + "'");

Get-UserProfilePicture -AccessToken $AccessToken -UPN $User.UPN -Destination ($Folders.Data + $User.UPN + ".jpeg");

#Set the user profile picture.

Write-Console -Category $User.UPN -Text ("Setting registry keys");

Set-UserProfilePicture -SID $User.SID -FilePath ($Folders.Data + $User.UPN + ".jpeg");

}

#Output empty line.

Write-Output "";

#Check if the schedule task doesn't exist.

If(!(Test-ScheduleTask -Name "Set Profile Account Pictures"))

{

#Create the schedule task.

Write-Console -Category "Schedule Task" -Text ("Creating schedule task");

New-ProfilePictureScheduleTask -Script $Files.Script;

#Copy running script.

Write-Console -Category "Schedule Task" -Text ("Copying running script to '" + $Files.Script + "'");

Copy-Item -Path $PSCommandPath -Destination $Files.Script;

}

############### Main - End ###############

#endregion

#region begin finalize

############### Finalize - Start ###############

#Stop transcript.

Stop-Transcript;

############### Finalize - End ###############

#endregion

Alex Ø. T. Hansen

11/07/2018

PowerShell – Microsoft Graph API

Need to connect to Microsoft Graph with PowerShell? The following PowerShell script does just that (pretty easily)!

So what is Microsoft Graph API?

“Microsoft Graph is a Microsoft developer platform that connects multiple services and devices. Initially released 2015, the Microsoft Graph builds on Office 365 APIs and allows developers to integrate their services with Microsoft products, including Windows, Office 365, and Azure. At its Build 2017 conference, Microsoft announced it would use the Microsoft Graph to bring new functionality and connectivity between Windows and other OS platforms, including Android and iOS.” –Wikipedia

The following script have a function called “Get-GraphAPIAccessToken” (line 127 in the code below) which have two optional options available.

Credential
- If you don’t want to get an login prompt, when connecting to the API. Then use:
  -Credential (Create-PSCredential -Username “admin@contoso.onmicrosoft.com” -Password “AdminPasswordHere”)
ClientID
- If you need to use a registered application in Azure AD, specify the application id. Otherwise it will use a well-known value that are registered with Azure AD. An example would be:
  -ClientID 3b7e46ca-4495-410f-9691-f90793f0f666

There are some requirements before you can run the code, which is:

You need an valid internet connection (duuuh?!).
The script leverages AzureRM and the script will try to install it, but if it fails you can use “Install-Module AzureRM -SkipPublisherCheck -AllowClobber -Force -Confirm:$false;” to install it.

#Requires -Version 3.0
<#

    .SYNOPSIS
    Connect to Microsoft Graph API.

    .DESCRIPTION
    Get an access token from Microsoft Graph API.

    .PARAMETER

    .EXAMPLE

    .NOTES
    Author: Alex Ø. T. Hansen
    Date: 11-07-2018
    Last Updated: 11-07-2018

#>

################################################
<# Function - Start #>

#Create credentials.
Function Create-PSCredential
{
    [cmdletbinding()]	
		
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true, HelpMessage="Please provide a valid username, example 'user@contoso.onmicrosoft.com'.")]$Username,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true, HelpMessage="Please provide a valid password, example 'MyPassw0rd!'.")]$Password
    )

    #Convert the password to a secure string.
    $SecurePassword = $Password | ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force;

    #Convert $Username and $SecurePassword to a credential object.
    $Credential = New-Object "Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.UserCredential" -ArgumentList $Username,$SecurePassword

    #Return the credential object.
    Return $Credential;
}

#Get Microsoft Graph API access token.
Function Get-GraphAPIAccessToken
{
    [cmdletbinding()]

    Param
    (        
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)][PSTypeName('Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.UserCredential')]$Credential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)][string]$ClientID = "1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2",
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$RedirectURI,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$ResourceURI,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$Authority
    )

    #Retrieves authentication tokens from services and gets address of the authority to issue token.
    $AuthenticationContext = New-Object "Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContext" -ArgumentList $Authority;

    #If the credential is set.
    If($Credential)
    {
        #Get token with username and password in $Credential.
        $AuthenticationResult = $AuthenticationContext.AcquireToken($ResourceURI, $ClientID, $Credential);
    }
    Else 
    {     
        #Prompt user for credentials.
        $AuthenticationResult = $AuthenticationContext.AcquireToken($ResourceURI, $ClientID, $RedirectURI, [Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.PromptBehavior]::Always)
    } 
    
    #Return the token.
    Return $AuthenticationResult.AccessToken;
}

#Check if the module is installed.
Function Check-Module
{
    [cmdletbinding()]

    Param
    (        
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$Name
    )

    #If the module exist.
    If(Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name $Name)
    {
        Return $true;
    }
    Else
    {
        Return $false;
    }
}

<# Functions - End #>
################################################
<# Input - Start #>

#URI.
$RedirectURI = "urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob";
$ResourceURI = "https://graph.microsoft.com";
$Authority = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/common";

<# Input - End #>
################################################
<# Main - Start #>

#If the module AzureRM isn't installed.
If(!(Check-Module -Name AzureRM))
{
    Write-Output "Module: Installing 'AzureRM'";

    #Install the module.
    Install-Module AzureRM -SkipPublisherCheck -AllowClobber -Force -Confirm:$false;
}
Else
{
    Write-Output "Module: 'AzureRM' already installed.";
}

#Get access token.
Write-Output "Token: Getting Microsoft Graph API access token.";
$AccessToken = Get-GraphAPIAccessToken -RedirectURI $RedirectURI -ResourceURI $ResourceURI -Authority $Authority;

<# Main - End #>
################################################

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

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108

109

110

111

112

113

114

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116

117

118

119

120

121

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123

124

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126

127

128

129

130

#Requires -Version 3.0

.SYNOPSIS

Connect to Microsoft Graph API.

.DESCRIPTION

Get an access token from Microsoft Graph API.

.PARAMETER

.EXAMPLE

.NOTES

Author: Alex Ø. T. Hansen

Date: 11-07-2018

Last Updated: 11-07-2018

################################################

<# Function - Start #>

#Create credentials.

Function Create-PSCredential

{

[cmdletbinding()]

Param

(

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, HelpMessage="Please provide a valid username, example 'user@contoso.onmicrosoft.com'.")]$Username,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, HelpMessage="Please provide a valid password, example 'MyPassw0rd!'.")]$Password

)

#Convert the password to a secure string.

$SecurePassword = $Password | ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force;

#Convert $Username and $SecurePassword to a credential object.

$Credential = New-Object "Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.UserCredential" -ArgumentList $Username,$SecurePassword

#Return the credential object.

Return $Credential;

}

#Get Microsoft Graph API access token.

Function Get-GraphAPIAccessToken

{

[cmdletbinding()]

Param

(

[Parameter(Mandatory=$false)][PSTypeName('Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.UserCredential')]$Credential,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$false)][string]$ClientID = "1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2",

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$RedirectURI,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$ResourceURI,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$Authority

)

#Retrieves authentication tokens from services and gets address of the authority to issue token.

$AuthenticationContext = New-Object "Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContext" -ArgumentList $Authority;

#If the credential is set.

If($Credential)

{

#Get token with username and password in $Credential.

$AuthenticationResult = $AuthenticationContext.AcquireToken($ResourceURI, $ClientID, $Credential);

}

Else

{

#Prompt user for credentials.

$AuthenticationResult = $AuthenticationContext.AcquireToken($ResourceURI, $ClientID, $RedirectURI, [Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.PromptBehavior]::Always)

}

#Return the token.

Return $AuthenticationResult.AccessToken;

}

#Check if the module is installed.

Function Check-Module

{

[cmdletbinding()]

Param

(

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$Name

)

#If the module exist.

If(Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name $Name)

{

Return $true;

}

Else

{

Return $false;

}

<# Functions - End #>

################################################

<# Input - Start #>

#URI.

$RedirectURI = "urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob";

$ResourceURI = "https://graph.microsoft.com";

$Authority = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/common";

<# Input - End #>

################################################

<# Main - Start #>

#If the module AzureRM isn't installed.

If(!(Check-Module -Name AzureRM))

{

Write-Output "Module: Installing 'AzureRM'";

#Install the module.

Install-Module AzureRM -SkipPublisherCheck -AllowClobber -Force -Confirm:$false;

}

Else

{

Write-Output "Module: 'AzureRM' already installed.";

}

#Get access token.

Write-Output "Token: Getting Microsoft Graph API access token.";

$AccessToken = Get-GraphAPIAccessToken -RedirectURI $RedirectURI -ResourceURI $ResourceURI -Authority $Authority;

<# Main - End #>

################################################

When you have an access token, you can use the following example which gets the current user profile details:

$ApiUrl = "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me";
$Response = (Invoke-RestMethod -Headers @{Authorization = "Bearer $AccessToken"} -Uri $ApiUrl -Method Get);

#Show reponse.
Return ($Response);

$ApiUrl = "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me";

$Response = (Invoke-RestMethod -Headers @{Authorization = "Bearer $AccessToken"} -Uri $ApiUrl -Method Get);

#Show reponse.

Return ($Response);

Get the Azure AD users:

$ApiUrl = "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users"
$Users = Invoke-RestMethod -Headers @{Authorization = "Bearer $AccessToken"} -Uri $ApiUrl -Method Get

#Show reponse.
Return ($Users).Value;

$ApiUrl = "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users"

$Users = Invoke-RestMethod -Headers @{Authorization = "Bearer $AccessToken"} -Uri $ApiUrl -Method Get

#Show reponse.

Return ($Users).Value;

Send an e-mail (need an Exchange license on the user):

$Recipient = "xyz@contoso.com";

$Body = @"
{
    "message" : {
       "subject": "E-mail through API",
       "body" : {
           "contentType": "Text",
           "content": "Pretty cool stuff, right?!"
           },
      "toRecipients": [
       {
       "emailAddress" : {
           "address" : "$Recipient"
           }
       }
       ]
    }
}
"@;

$ApiUrl = "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/sendMail";
Invoke-RestMethod -Headers @{Authorization = "Bearer $AccessToken"} -Uri $ApiUrl -Method Post -Body $Body -ContentType application/json;

$Recipient = "xyz@contoso.com";

$Body = @"

{

"message" : {

"subject": "E-mail through API",

"body" : {

"contentType": "Text",

"content": "Pretty cool stuff, right?!"

"toRecipients": [

{

"emailAddress" : {

"address" : "$Recipient"

}

]

}

"@;

$ApiUrl = "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/sendMail";

Invoke-RestMethod -Headers @{Authorization = "Bearer $AccessToken"} -Uri $ApiUrl -Method Post -Body $Body -ContentType application/json;

For more usage examples, Microsoft have create an repository on GitHub.